Penjelasan tentang Hadis Dha'if

by Robin
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Jumat, 19 April 2019

PERTANYAAN

Assalamu 'alaikum

Adakah keterangan tentang ketidak bolehannya seorang mengatakan "Rasulullah bersabda” pada hadits dha’if ?

JAWABAN

Wa'alaikum salam wr.wb
Imam Nawawi dalam Majmu’ Syarh muhadzab mengatakan:
ﻗَﺎﻝَ ﺍﻟْﻌُﻠَﻤَﺎﺀُ ﺍﻟْﻤُﺤَﻘِّﻘُﻮﻥَ ﻣِﻦْ ﺃَﻫْﻞِ ﺍﻟْﺤَﺪِﻳﺚِ ﻭَﻏَﻴْﺮِﻫِﻢْ ﺇﺫَﺍ ﻛَﺎﻥَ ﺍﻟْﺤَﺪِﻳﺚُ ﺿَﻌِﻴﻔًﺎ ﻟَﺎ ﻳُﻘَﺎﻝُ ﻓِﻴﻪِ ﻗَﺎﻝَ ﺭَﺳُﻮﻝُ ﺍﻟﻠَّﻪِ ﺻَﻠَّﻰ ﺍﻟﻠَّﻪُ ﻋَﻠَﻴْﻪِ ﻭَﺳَﻠَّﻢَ ﺃَﻭْ ﻓَﻌَﻞَ ﺃَﻭْ ﺃَﻣَﺮَ ﺃَﻭْ ﻧَﻬَﻰ ﺃَﻭْ ﺣَﻜَﻢَ ﻭَﻣَﺎ ﺃَﺷْﺒَﻪَ ﺫَﻟِﻚَ ﻣِﻦْ ﺻِﻴَﻎِ ﺍﻟْﺠَﺰْﻡِ: ﻭَﻛَﺬَﺍ ﻟَﺎ ﻳُﻘَﺎﻝُ ﻓِﻴﻪِ ﺭَﻭَﻯ ﺃَﺑُﻮ ﻫُﺮَﻳْﺮَﺓَ ﺃَﻭْ ﻗَﺎﻝَ ﺃَﻭْ ﺫَﻛَﺮَ ﺃَﻭْ ﺃَﺧْﺒَﺮَ ﺃَﻭْ ﺣَﺪَّﺙَ ﺃَﻭْ ﻧَﻘَﻞَ ﺃَﻭْ ﺃَﻓْﺘَﻰ ﻭَﻣَﺎ ﺃَﺷْﺒَﻬَﻪُ : ﻭَﻛَﺬَﺍ ﻟَﺎ ﻳُﻘَﺎﻝُ ﺫَﻟِﻚَ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟﺘَّﺎﺑِﻌِﻴﻦَ ﻭَﻣَﻦْ ﺑَﻌْﺪَﻫُﻢْ ﻓِﻴﻤَﺎ ﻛَﺎﻥَ ﺿَﻌِﻴﻔًﺎ ﻓَﻠَﺎ ﻳُﻘَﺎﻝُ ﻓﻲ ﺷﺊ ﻣِﻦْ ﺫَﻟِﻚَ ﺑِﺼِﻴﻐَﺔِ ﺍﻟْﺠَﺰْﻡِ: ﻭَﺇِﻧَّﻤَﺎ ﻳُﻘَﺎﻝُ ﻓِﻲ ﻫَﺬَﺍ ﻛُﻠِّﻪِ ﺭُﻭِﻱَ ﻋَﻨْﻪُ ﺃَﻭْ ﻧُﻘِﻞَ ﻋَﻨْﻪُ ﺃَﻭْ ﺣُﻜِﻲَ ﻋَﻨْﻪُ ﺃَﻭْ ﺟَﺎﺀَ ﻋَﻨْﻪُ ﺃَﻭْ ﺑَﻠَﻐَﻨَﺎ ﻋَﻨْﻪُ ﺃَﻭْ ﻳُﻘَﺎﻝُ ﺃَﻭْ ﻳُﺬْﻛَﺮُ ﺃَﻭْ ﻳُﺤْﻜَﻰ ﺃَﻭْ ﻳُﺮْﻭَﻯ ﺃَﻭْ ﻳُﺮْﻓَﻊُ ﺃَﻭْ ﻳُﻌْﺰَﻯ ﻭَﻣَﺎ ﺃَﺷْﺒَﻪَ ﺫَﻟِﻚَ ﻣِﻦْ ﺻِﻴَﻎِ ﺍﻟﺘَّﻤْﺮِﻳﺾِ ﻭَﻟَﻴْﺴَﺖْ ﻣِﻦْ ﺻِﻴَﻎِ ﺍﻟْﺠَﺰْﻡِ: ﻗَﺎﻟُﻮﺍ ﻓَﺼِﻴَﻎُ ﺍﻟْﺠَﺰْﻡِ ﻣَﻮْﺿُﻮﻋَﺔٌ ﻟِﻠﺼَّﺤِﻴﺢِ ﺃَﻭْ ﺍﻟْﺤَﺴَﻦِ ﻭَﺻِﻴَﻎُ ﺍﻟﺘَّﻤْﺮِﻳﺾِ ﻟِﻤَﺎ ﺳِﻮَﺍﻫُﻤَﺎ. ﻭَﺫَﻟِﻚَ ﺃَﻥَّ ﺻِﻴﻐَﺔَ ﺍﻟْﺠَﺰْﻡِ ﺗَﻘْﺘَﻀِﻲ ﺻِﺤَّﺘَﻪُ ﻋَﻦْ ﺍﻟْﻤُﻀَﺎﻑِ ﺇﻟَﻴْﻪِ ﻓَﻠَﺎ ﻳَﻨْﺒَﻐِﻲ ﺃَﻥْ ﻳُﻄْﻠَﻖَ ﺇﻟَّﺎ ﻓِﻴﻤَﺎ ﺻَﺢَّ ﻭَﺇِﻟَّﺎ ﻓَﻴَﻜُﻮﻥُ ﺍﻟْﺈِﻧْﺴَﺎﻥُ ﻓِﻲ ﻣَﻌْﻨَﻰ ﺍﻟْﻜَﺎﺫِﺏِ ﻋَﻠَﻴْﻪِ ﻭَﻫَﺬَﺍ ﺍﻟْﺄَﺩَﺏُ ﺃَﺧَﻞَّ ﺑِﻪِ ﺍﻟْﻤُﺼَﻨِّﻒُ ﻭَﺟَﻤَﺎﻫِﻴﺮُ ﺍﻟْﻔُﻘَﻬَﺎﺀِ ﻣِﻦْ ﺃَﺻْﺤَﺎﺑِﻨَﺎ ﻭَﻏَﻴْﺮِﻫِﻢْ ﺑَﻞْ ﺟَﻤَﺎﻫِﻴﺮُ ﺃَﺻْﺤَﺎﺏِ ﺍﻟْﻌُﻠُﻮﻡِ ﻣُﻄْﻠَﻘًﺎ ﻣَﺎ ﻋَﺪَﺍ ﺣُﺬَّﺍﻕَ ﺍﻟْﻤُﺤَﺪِّﺛِﻴﻦَ ﻭَﺫَﻟِﻚَ ﺗَﺴَﺎﻫُﻞٌ ﻗَﺒِﻴﺢٌ ﻓَﺈِﻧَّﻬُﻢْ ﻳَﻘُﻮﻟُﻮﻥَ ﻛَﺜِﻴﺮًﺍ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟﺼَّﺤِﻴﺢِ ﺭُﻭِﻱَ ﻋَﻨْﻪُ ﻭَﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟﻀَّﻌِﻴﻒِ ﻗَﺎﻝَ ﻭَﺭَﻭَﻯ ﻓﻼﻥ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺣﻴﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ